Network Concepts Basics

Sat, 30 Dec 2023 14:21:26 +0530

Networking Concept

Mac address

Media control access
It is physical address to identify the devices
it identify the NIC of each divices (NIC–> Network identification card)
ex:- ether 00:0c:49:0a:43:03
Mac work in the second and third layer of the OSI model
Specially it is related to the switches

TCP –VS– UDP

TCP

Transmission COntrol Protocol
Connection oriented protocol
used in HTTPS/SSH/TelNet/SMTP/FTP
provide the more security and relailablity
it form one-to-one connection and it gurantee the complete delivery of data
Three way hand shake
SYN -> SYN-ACK -> ACK
it is slow due to three-way-handshake, it take time to complete and establis the connection
Use port to establish the connection
During hand-shake it acknowldge your machine to the requested server
contains the 20Byte packet

UDP

User Datagram Protocol
Connection less Protocol
it provide the fast transmission
Broadcast or multicast the message and the complete delivery of data is note guarnted
Streamming on voice-over-io(VOIP), DHCP,DNS
Used for streaming the data like procast, video
contains the 8Byte packet

Comman Ports and Protocol

TCP

 PROTOCOL/SERVICE PORT'S
FTP 21
SSH 22
TelNet 23
SMTP 25
DNS 53
HTTP/HTTPS 80/443
POP3 110
SMB 139+445
IMAP 143

UDP

 PROTOCOL/SERVICE PORT'S
DNS 53
DHCP 67.68
TFTP 69
SNMP 161

The OSI Model

Open Systems Interconnection(OSI)
Learn this mnemonic to to know the seven layer sequence
Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away

OSI seven layers are

 1. Physical (P)Please
2. Data link (D)Do
3. Network (N)Not
4. Transport (T)Throw
5. Session (S)Sausage
6. Presentation (P)Pizza
7. Application (A)Away

OSI Model Explain REF

 Layers For
1. Physical -- Provide the connection between computer and network, it includes physical datacable,server
2. Data Link -- Make sure the data-transfer is error-free between different node, when data packet arrive at network layer then data link layer(DLL) deliver that packet to the requested host using MAC address.
3. Network -- Transmitt the data from one host to other, in different netwroks.It also place the reciver/sender ip address in header of packet.
4. Transport -- Data packet referred as Segment, it is responsible for the end-to-end delivery of complete message without any error/packet loss.
5. Session -- Responsible for the establishing the session,maintaining and also ensure the security
6. Presentation --- Data from application layer(layer 7) is extracted here and manipulate as per the required to transmit over network.
7. Application --- Used by the end user software such as web browser and email clients.

While Receiving the data from network model work from layer 1 –> layer 7

While sending the data from machine model work from layer 7 –> layer 1

Networks

IP address are work with the third layer of the OSI Model
There are two types of ip address
- IPv4 : 192.168.34.123
- IPv6 : 23:s3:3w:34:dw:23:2d
In IPv4 each section after delimeter(.) is contain the 8 bits each (0 & 1)
The total of complete ip address is 32 byte.
the total in terms of the bits is 256 that is from 0 to 255.
There are many network around you and your system and all are having the very specific identity number that is known as IP address.
Types of ip address in a network

Class Start ip End ip Subnet Mask Netwroks(max) Hosts(max)

A 0 127 255.0.0.0 126 16,646,144

B 127 191 255.255.0.0 16,383 15,024

C 192 223 255.225.255.0 2097,151 254
IP address in the binary format
- 11111111.11111111.11111111.0 == 255.255.255.0
- == 192.168.15.
Some Standard Slash Network
- /24 Network
  
  128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
  
  1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- /25 Network
  
  128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
  
  1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Class	Start ip	End ip	Subnet Mask	Netwroks(max)	Hosts(max)
A	0	127	255.0.0.0	126	16,646,144
B	127	191	255.255.0.0	16,383	15,024
C	192	223	255.225.255.0	2097,151	254

128	64	32	16	8	4	2	1
1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

128	64	32	16	8	4	2	1
1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0

Links

It is getting hard for me to write and draw the ahed so i am adding some link of my document go through them, Some link to internet resources

Networking Concepts | Ukant Jadia

Network Concepts Basics

Networking Concept

Mac address

TCP –VS– UDP

TCP

UDP

Comman Ports and Protocol

TCP

UDP

The OSI Model

Networks

Links